Instrumentation industry covers process instruments (pressure, temperature, flow, level, valve positioners), analytical (pH, conductivity, oxygen, gas), electrical testers (multimeter, oscilloscope) and lab instruments. Endress+Hauser, Siemens Process, ABB, Yokogawa (JP), WIKA, Krohne and Honeywell lead European process instrumentation.
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Instrumentation covers process instruments (pressure, temperature, flow, level), analytical (pH, conductivity, gas) a...
Instrumentation covers process instruments (pressure, temperature, flow, level), analytical (pH, conductivity, gas) and electrical testers. Endress+Hauser, Siemens, ABB, Yokogawa, WIKA and Krohne lead European process instrumentation.
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FAQ
Q HART vs FF fieldbus?
A
HART: 4-20 mA analog + digital overlay, simple compatibility (80% installed base), 30-year process tradition. FF (Foundation Fieldbus): pure digital, multi-device per bus, control pushed to field — new builds preferred, but higher entry barrier.
Q Process instrument selection?
A
Temperature: Pt100 RTD (± 0.5°C) standard. Flow: magnetic (conductive fluid), ultrasonic (non-conductive), Coriolis (0.1% accuracy). Level: guided radar (open and closed tanks, replacing floats).
Q Analytical calibration?
A
pH meter daily 2-point (4.01 + 7.00 buffer); conductivity 1413 μS/cm standard; gas analyzer regularly with reference gas. Endress+Hauser, Honeywell and ABB provide factory calibration.